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領導者基本要素
本帖最後由 hlperng 於 2013-12-24 14:21 編輯
p.33
Basic Ingredient of Leadership (領導能力基本要素)：
Leaders come in every size, shape, and disposition - short, tall, neat, sloppy, young, old, male, and female. Nevertheless, they all seems to share some, if not all, of the following ingredients:
領導者有各式各樣的身材、長相和氣質：矮的、高的、整潔的、邋遢的、年輕的、年老的、男的和女的。不過不管怎樣，他們都具備下列部分或全部的基本要素：
The first basic integredient of leadership is a guiding vision. The leader has a clear idea of what he or she wants to do - professionally and personally - and the strength to persist in the face of setbacks, even failure. Unless you know where you're going, and why, you cannot possibly get there. That guiding purpose, that vision, was well illustrated by Norman Lear.
第一個基本要素是指導願景。領導者對於自己在工作上或生活上要做什麼，有相當清楚的想法，並具有面對障礙、甚至失敗仍然堅持下去的意志力。除非你知道自己要前往何方，否則你根本無法前進。這種決心，這種願景，在李爾身上表露無遺。
The second basic integredient of leadership is passion - the underlying passion for the promises of life, combined with a very particular passion for a vocation, a profession, a course of action. The leader loves what he or she does and loves doing it. Tolstoy said that hopes are the dreams of the waking man. Without hope, we cannot survive, much less progress. The leader who communicates passion gives hope and inspiration to other people. This ingredient tends to come up with different spins on it - sometimes it appears as enthusiasm, especially in chapter eight, "Getting People on Your Side."
第二個基本要素是熱情 - 這種熱情來自對生活有所期許，加上你對天命、熱情、和行動步驟的特殊熱情。領導者熱愛他所做的，並樂在其中。托爾斯泰說，希望是清醒者的夢。沒有希望，我們無法生存，更別想進步。領導者會熱人感染他的熱情，藉此給予他人希望和鼓勵。這個要素往往以不同的風格出現 - 例如「熱情」。
The next basic ingredient of leadership is integrity. I think there are three essential parts of integrity: self-knowledge, candor, and maturity.
第三個基本要素是健全的人格。我認為健全的人格是由三個部分組成的：認識自己、正直和成熟。
"Know thyself," was the inscription over the Oracle at Delphi. And it is still the most difficult task any of us faces. But until you truly know yourself, strengths and weaknesses, know what you want to do and why you want to do it, you cannot succeed in any but the most superficial sense of the word. Leader never lie to themselves, especially about themselves, know their faults as well as their assets, and deal with then directly. You are your own raw material. When you know what you consist of and what you want to make of it, then you can invent yourself.
「認識自己」是古人刻在阿波羅神殿上的神諭，對現代人仍是最艱鉅的任務。你若無法做到真正認識自己，認清自己的優缺點，知道你想要做什麼、有為什麼要做，對你對「認識自己」這句話，只又最粗淺的感受。領導者從不欺騙自己，尤其是和自己切身相關的一切；他知道自己的優缺點，而且遇到任何情形會馬上處理。你是自己的原料，唯有當你清楚自己是由什麼原料所構成，以及想拿這些原料來做什麼時，你才能創造自己。
Candor is the key to self-knowledge. Candor is based in honesty of thought and action, a steadfast devotion to principle, and a fundamental soundness and wholeness. An architect who designs a Bauhaus glass box with a Victorian cupola lacks professional integrity, as does any person who trims his or her principles - or even ideas - to please. Like Lillian Hellman, the leader cannot cut his or her conscience to fit this year's fashions.
正直是認識自己的關鍵。正直是基於對思想和行動的忠實不欺，是對原則的堅定不移，是一個人思路混亂或清晰的基礎。一個設計師設計了一個帶有維多利亞風格的蓋子的包浩斯式玻璃盒，不能算是專業設計師；同樣的，一個人也不該為了取悅他人而失去原則，甚至改變想法。美國異議劇作家海曼所寫的劇本勇於揭發美國政府縱容希特勒和墨索里尼的真相，而在1950年代被列入黑名單。領導者就應該像她一樣，不為迎合一時的潮流而泯滅良心。
Maturity is important to a leader because leading is not simply showing the way or issuing orders. Every leader needs to have experienced and grown through following - learning to be dedicated, observant, capable of working with and learning from others, never servile, always truthful. Having located the qualities in themselves, leaders can encourage them in others.
成熟對領導者而言也很重要，因為領導者不只是示範給別人看或下達指令而已。每一位領導者都要具備以下的歷練和成長：學會奉獻與觀察，要能與他共事並向他人學習，不要低聲下氣，永遠說實話。唯有領導者在自己身上找到這些特質，才能鼓勵別人也從自己身上挖掘出這些特質。
Integrity is the basic of trust, which is not as much as ingredient of leadership as it is a product. It is the one quality that cannot be acquired, but must be earned. It is given by co-workers and followers, and without it, the leader can't function. I'll talk about trust in greater detail in chapter eight, "Getting People on Your Side."
第四個基本要素是信任，信任是所有基本要素的基礎。信任比較不像領導者的基本要素，比較像是展現領導力的結果。這種要素不是努力就能學會的，你得努力掙來。信任來自共事者和下屬；少了信任基礎，領導者是無法發揮功能的。我會在第八章再詳細說明這個特質。
Two more basic ingredients of leadership are curiosity and daring. Leaders wonder about everything, want to learn as much as they can, are willing to take risks, experiment, try new things. They do not worry about failure, but embrace errors, knowing they will learn from them. Learning from adversity is another theme that comes up again and again in this book, often with different spins. In fact, that could be said of each of he basic ingredients.
最後兩個基本要素是好奇和膽識。領導者對所有的事都感到好奇，極盡所能設法多學習，願意冒險、實驗、嘗試新事物。他們不擔心失敗，但是擁抱錯誤，他們知道可以從錯誤中學習。「在逆境中學習」這個主題，經常以不同的面貌，一再在本書出現。實際上，每一條領導者的基本要素都是如此。
Even though I talk about basic ingredients, I'm not talking about traits that you're born with and can't change. As countless deposed kings and hapless heirs to great fortunes can attest, true leaders are not born, but made, and usually self-made. Leaders invent themselves. They are not, by the way, made in a single weekend seminar, as many of the leadership-theory spokesmen claim. I've come to think of that one as the microwave theory: pop in Mr. or Ms. Average and out pops McLeader in sixty seconds. 雖然我談了領導者的基本要素，但這些要素不是領導者與生俱來而且無法改變的。歷史上有無數被推翻下台的國王、和下場悲慘的富豪後代，證明了領導者不是天生的，而是後天努力的結果，而且通常是靠領導者自己打造出來的。領導者創造自己，不過，他們可不是上了那種短短一個週末的領導者速成班，就成為真正的領導者。我認為這些領導者速成班就像微波爐，以為丟進一個資質平庸的人，六十秒就能端出一個盤領導者。
p. 37
When Henry Kissinger was asked what he had learned from the presidents he had worked with. ... Kissinger replied, "Presidents don't do great things by dwelling on their limitations, but by focusing on their possibilities." They leave the past behind them and turn toward the future.
有人問亨利‧季辛吉，他從共事過的歷任總統身上學到什麼？他說：「專注在事情本身的限制或弱點，是成不了大事的，你要專注在事情的可能性和潛在價值上頭。」他們把過去遠遠拋在腦後，轉身迎向未來。
p.38
... Roosevelt, Truman, Eisenhower, and Kennedy invented themselves and then invented the future. Johnson and Nixon were made by their pasts. They imposed those mean lessons of their pasts on the present, enshrouding the future. Good leaders engage the world. Bad leaders entrap it, or try.
小羅斯福、杜魯門、艾森豪和甘迺迪創造了自己，也開創了未來。詹森和尼克森則是被過去經驗所囿，強將過去不好的經驗加諸於現在，讓未來烏雲罩頂。好的領導者吸引全世界的目光，差勁的領導者則欺騙、或試圖欺騙全世界。
p.41
The Greeks believed that excellence was based on a perfect balance of eros and logos, or feeling and thought, which together allow us to understand the world on all levels, from "the concrete contemplation of the complete facts." True understanding derives from engagement and from the full deployment of ourselves. As John Gardner once said, talent is one thing, while its triumphant expression is another. Only when we are fully deployed are we capable of that triumphant expression. Full deployment, engagement, hone and sharpen all of one's gifts, and ensure that one will be an original, not a copy.
古希臘人認為卓越是建立在理性和欲望、情感和思想的完美平衡上的，同時考量這些面向，我們對這個世界的理解才會是全面的，才能從完整的事情中得出明確的想法。真正的理解來自我們對自己的投入與發揮。約翰‧加納曾說，才能是一回事，成功展現才能是另一回事。只有我們全面開發自己，才能有成功的表現。只有使盡渾身解數，我們才能成功展現自己。全力施展、全心投入，專心磨練你的所有天分，並確保你打造出來的，是獨一無二的自己，而不是誰的複製品。
p.44
Leaders have nothing but themselves to work with. It is one of the paradoxes of life that good leaders rise to the top in spite of their weakness, while bad leaders rise because of their weakness.
領導者只能獨自工作。生命的弔詭之一便是，優秀的領導者儘管有弱點，還是能升到頂峰；而差勁的領導者卻是由於自身的缺陷而崛起的。
What is true for leaders is, for better or for worse, true for each of us: we are our raw material. Only when we know what we're made of and what we want to make of it can we begin our lives - and we must do it despite an unwitting conspiracy of people and events against us.
只要是領導者所認定的真理 - 不論好壞，就會成為我們每個人的真理。我們是自己的構成原料，只有當我們知道自己的組成元素，並知道要把自己做成什麼樣子之後，才能開始生活；儘管會受到眾人或事件無意的阻撓，我們還是得做下去。
p.45
Codifying one's thinking is an important step in inventing oneself. The most difficult way to do it is by thinking about thinking - it helps to speak or write your thoughts. Writing is the most profound way of codifying your thoughts, the best way of learning from yourself who you are and what you believe.
整理自己的思維是自我改造的過程中，非常重要的一環。其中最困難的是針對想法進行思考，如果你用說的或用寫的，對整理想法很有幫助。寫作是整理想法最全面的方式，你可以藉由寫作了解你是誰，以及你的價值觀。
If knowing yourself and being yourself were as easy to do as to talk about, there wouldn't be nearly so many people walking around in borrowed postures, spouting secondhand ideas, trying desperately to fit in rather than to stand out.
如果認識自己、做自己，做的跟說的一樣容易，就不會有這麼多人借用他人看法，喋喋不休地說著二手創意，寧願隨波逐流，也不想與眾不同了。
p.46
As Emerson says, "What you are speaks so loudly I cannot hear what you say."
如同愛默生所說：「真實的你隆隆作響，使我聽不見你的嘴巴在說什麼。」
[「因為你說的隆隆震耳，所以我聽不清楚你在說什麼。」]
... what determines the level of satisfaction in post-middle-aged men is the degree to which they acted upon their youthful dreams. It's not so much whether they were successful in achieving their dreams as the honest pursuit of them that counts. The spiritual dimension in creative effort comes from that honest pursuit.
人到中年時，對人生是否滿意，取決於他們對年輕時的夢想付出了多少。重點不是夢想是否真的實現，而是他們是否真的努力追求過。你精神層面的創造結果，來自這種忠於夢想的追求。
p.47
... When you write your own life, then no matter what happens, you have played the game that was natural for you to play. If, as someone said, "it is the supervisor's role in a modern industrial society to limit the potential of the people who work for him," then it is your task to do whatever you must to break out of such limits and live up to your potential, to keep the covenant with your youthful dreams.
當你書寫自己的人生，那無論發生什麼情況，你都在玩天生就該是你玩的遊戲。如果現實社會就像某人所說的，「在現代工業社會，管理者的職責是限制為他效力的人的潛力」，那麼你的職責就是破除這些限制，發揮潛力，實現年輕時的夢想。
p.48
Norman Lear would add to this that the goal isn't worth arriving at unless you enjoy the journey. "You have to look at success incrementally," he said. "It takes too long to get to any major success. ... If one can look at life as being successful on a moment-by-moment basis, one might find that most of it is successful. And take the bow inside for it. When we wait for the big bow, it's a lousy bargain. They don't come out once in too long a time."
諾曼‧李爾補充道，除非你享受旅途中的風光，否則到達目的地也沒意思。「你必須把成功看成是逐步增長的，」他說：「要得到一次大成功得等很久......人如果將成功看成是一個片刻接著一個片刻的累積，就會發現，他的人生大部分時間是成功的。要是我們等待重大機會來臨，那就太不划算了，這種機會要很久很久才會出現一次。」
Applauding yourself for the small successes, and taking the small bow, are good ways of learning to experience life each moment that you live it. And that's part of inventing yourself, of creating yours own destiny.
為自己小小的成功鼓掌，抓住每次的小機會，是學會體驗人生每分每秒的好方法。這也是改造自己、創造自己命運的一部分。
To become a leader, then, you must become yourself, become the maker of your own life.
成為一名領導者之前，要先成為自己，做自己人生的創造者。
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發表於 2013-12-23 12:06:42
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