NSWC 機械設備可靠度預估程序手冊

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機械設備可靠度預估程序手冊
Handbook of Reliability Prediction Procedures for Mechanical Equipment

發行組織：美國海軍 Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) Carderock Division (CD)
此手冊沒有明確的編號，封面上寫著 NSWC-11。目前版本為2011年5月，依照文件變更說明，2011年版本為E版。

此手冊 2011 年版可在 NSWC 網站免費下載：NSWC-11, Handbook of Reliability Prediction Procedures for Mechanical Equipment


目錄
第1章 概述 (Introduction)
第2章 定義 (Definitions)
第3章 密封與墊圈 (Seals and Gaskets)
第4章 彈簧 (Springs) (Compression Spring, Extension Spring, Torsion Spring, Wave Washer, Belleville Washer, Cantilever Spring, Beam Spring)
第5章 電磁閥與接觸器 (Solenoirds, Contactors)
第6章 閥門總成 (Valve Assemblies)
第7章 軸承 (Bearings)
第8章 齒輪與齒條 (Gears and Splines)
第9章 致動器 (Actuators)
第10章 幫浦 (Pumps) (Pump Seals, Pump Shaft, Pump Bearings, Pump Casing, Fluid Driver)
第11章 流體濾清器 (Fluid Filters)
第12章 煞車與離合器 (Brakes and Clutches)
第13章 壓縮機 (Compressors) (Compressor Assembly, Casing, Design Configuration)
第14章 電動馬達 (Electrical Motors)
第15章 累積器與儲存器 (Accumulators, Reservoirs) (Seals, Springs, Piston and Cylinder, Valves, Structure)
第16章 螺紋緊固件 (Threaded Fasteners)
第17章 機械聯接器 (Mechanical Couplers) (Mechanical Coupling, Universal Joint, Coupling Housing)
第18章 滑塊曲柄機構 (Slider Crank Mechanisms)
第19章 感知器與換能器 (Sensors and Transducers)
第20章 軸桿 (Shafts)
第21章 皮帶與鏈條驅動器 (Belts and Chain Drives)
第22章 流體傳導器 (Fluid Conductors) (Pipe, Tube, Hose)
第23章 雜項零件 (Miscellaneous Parts)  (Axle, Bolt, Bushing, Cam Mechanism, Fitting, Flywheel, Hinge, Keys and Pins, Pillow Block, Power Screws, Rivet, Set Crew, Wire Rope)
第24章 設備可用度設計分析 (Design Analysis of Equipment Availability)
第25章 引用資料
索引
圖1-1說明環境與操作應力對機械零件的效應


NSWC 處理機械零件沿用 MIL-HDBK-217 的概念，以失效率表示機械可靠度指標。例如，壓縮彈簧的失效率為：



式中S_G為實際應力(psi)、T_G為材料抗拉強度(psi)。

• NSWC Handbook of Reliability Prediction Procedures for Mechanical Equipment 2011 年版本
• NSWC Handbook of  Reliability Prediction Procedures for Mechanical Equipment 1998 年版本
• EverySpec.com 可下載1992、1994、2006、2009 年版本
  

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NSWC-11各種機械零件之基本失效率彙整如下表，表中機械零件的基本失效率，依照零件的操作使用特性，共有兩種單位：(1) 以百萬操作小時之單位時間失效次數(fpmh)、及(2) 以百萬操作次數為單位的單位次數失效次數(fpmo)：

零件名稱	基本失效率	零件名稱	基本失效率	零件名稱	基本失效率	零件名稱	基本失效率
活門 Poppet	1.40 fpmh	彈簧 Spring	23.80 fpmh	密封 Seal	2.40 fpmh	動態密封 Dynamic Seal	22.8 fpmh
機械式密封 Mechanical Seal	22.8 fpmh	扭力彈簧 Torsion Spring	14.30 fpmh	曲面墊片 Curved Washer	1.10 fpmh	波浪型墊片 Wave Washer	1.90 fpmh
碟形墊片 Belleville Washer	2.60 fpmh	懸臂彈簧 Cantilever Spring	1.10 fpmh	梁彈簧 Beam Spring	4.40 fpmh	電磁閥 Solenoid	2.77 fpmh
接觸器總成，阻抗負載 Contactor Assembly, Resistive Load	1.10 fpmo	接觸器總成，電感負載 Contactor Assembly, Inductive Load	3.60 fpmo	接觸器總成，直流負載 Contactor  Assembly, DC Load	2.50 fpmo	滑塊作動閥門 Sliding Action Valve	1.25 fpmo
離心泵，開式/閉式葉輪 Centrifugal Pump, Closed/Open Impellers	0.20 fpmh	離心泵，開式/半開式/閉式葉輪 Centrifugal Pump, Open/Semi-Open/Closed Impellers	0.12 fpmh	離心泵，單級/多級 Centrifugal Pump, Single Stage/Multi Stage	0.20 fpmh	Displacement Pump, Piston/Plunger	1.18 fpmh
Displacement Pump, Diaphragm	0.58 fpmh	Displacement Pump, Vane	0.40 fpmh	Displacement Pump, Piston	1.05 fpmh	Displacement Pump, Gear	0.75 fpmh
Displacement Pump, Lobe	0.45 fpmh	Displacemnet Pump, Screw	0.58 fpmh	Filter	2.53 fpmh	Compressor Casing	0.01 fpmh
Compressor Diaphragm	0.58 fpmh	Electrical Motor Winding	40.0 fpmh	DC Motor	2.17 fpmh	DC Brushless Motor	1.75 fpmh
AC Single Phase Motor	6.90 fpmh	AC Polyphase Motor	10.00 fpmh	Accumulator Cylinder	0.001 fpmh	Fastener, SAE 1, 1/4 - 1 1/2 in, 33 kpsi	0.260 fpmh
Fastener, SAE 2, 1/4 - 3/4 in, 55 kpsi	0.156 fpmh	Fastener, SAE 2, 3/4 - 1 1/2 in, 33 kpsi	0.260 fpmh	Fastener, SAE 4, 1/4 - 1 1/2 in, 65 kpsi	0.132 fpmh	Fastener, SAE 5, 1/4 - 1 in, 85 kpsi	0.101 fpmh
Fastener, SAE 5, 1 - 1 1/2 in, 74 kpsi	0.116 fpmh	Fastener, SAE 5, 1 1/2 - 3 in, 55 kpsi	0.156 fpmh	Fastener, SAE 7, 1/4 - 1 1/2 in, 105 kpsi	0.082 fpmh	Fastener, SAE 8, 1/4 - 1 1/2 in, 120 kpsi	0.072 fpmh
Fastener, ISO 4.6, - to 1 1/2, 33 kpsi	0.260 fpmh	Fastener, ISO 5.8, - to 1 1/2 in, 55 kpsi	0.156 fpmh	Fastener, ISO 8.8, - to 1 1/2 in, 85 kpsi	0.101 fpmh	Fastener, ISO 10.9, - to 1 1/2 in, 120 kpsi	0.072 fpmh
Fastener, ASTM A325, 1/2 - 1 in, 80 kspi	0.107 fpmh	Fastener, ASTM A325, 1 1/8 - 1 1/2 in, 74 kpsi	0.116 fpmh	Fastener, ASTM A354, BB, 1/4 - 2 1/2 in, 80 kpsi	0.107 fpmh	Fastener, ASTM A354, BB, 2 3/4 - 4 in, 75 kpsi	0.114 fpmh
Fastener, ASTM A354, BC, 1/4 - 2 1/2 in, 105 kpsi	0.082 fpmp	Fastener, ASTM A354, BC, 2 3/4 - 4 in, 95 kpsi	0.090 fpmh	Fastener, ASTM A354, BD,  1/4 - 1 1/2 in, 120 kpsi	0.072 fpmh	Fastener, ASTM A490, 1/2 - 1 1/2 in, 120 kpsi	0.072 fpmh
Mechanical Coupler	5.00 fpmh	Mechanical Coupler Housing	0.001 fpmh	RTD Thermal Sensor	1.50 fpmh	Thermistor	3.50 fpmh
Thermocouple	5.00 fpmh	Infrared Thermal Sensor	7.50 fpmh	Thermostat	20.00 fpmh	Force Transducer	4.00 fpmh
Strain Gauge, Resistive	7.50 fpmh	Strain Gauge, Semiconductor	23.00 fpmh	Torque Transducer, Magnetic	4.50 fpmh	Load Cell, Strain Gauge	23.00 fpmh
Fluid Pressure Sensor	13.00 fpmh	Fluid Flow Sensor	14.30 fpmh	Fluid Level Sensor	10.70 fpmh	Air Flow Sensor	8.50 fpmh
Photodiode	0.16 fpmh	Phototransistor	0.65 fpmh	Photodetector	0.03 fpmh	Infrared Optical Sensor	7.50 fpmh
Solar Cell	1.00 fpmh	Analog Potentiometer	1.50  fpmh	Digital Potentiometer	2.50 fpmh	Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT )	7.50 fpmh
Optical Ratory Encoder	8.00 fpmh	Magnetic Rotary Encoder	5.00 fpmh	Linear Diplacement Sensor	2.50 fpmh	Rotary Displacement Sensor	3.50 fpmh
Capacitive Displacement Sensor	10.70 fpmh	Inductive Displacement Sensor	8.50 fpmh	Hall Effect Velocity Sensor	2.50 fpmh	Electromagnetic Velocity Sensor	3.50 fpmh
Rotational Velocity Sensor	2.50 fpmh	Optical-Photo Motion Sensor	0.16 fpmh	Optical-Infrared Motion Sensor	7.50 fpmh	Electromagnetic Proximity Sensor	15.38 fpmh
Infrared Proximity Sensor	7.50 fpmh	Altitude Sensor	3.39 fpmh	Resistive Humidity Sensor	20.44 fpmh	Capacitive Humidity Sensor	20.44 fpmh
Piezoresistive Accelerometer	15.00 fpmh	Piezoelectric Accelerometer	13.00 fpmh	Strain Gauge	23.00 fpmh	Ionization Smoke Detector	8.00 fpmh
Photoelectric Smoke Detector	6.50 fpmh	Belt	40.00 fpmh	Chain	15.00 fpmh	Pipe Assembly	0.47 fpmh
Tube Assembly	1.33 fpmh	Hose Assembly	1.85 fpmh	Axle Shaft	0.01 fpmh	Bolt	0.12 fpmh
Bushing	0.72 fpmh	Cam Mechanism	6.10 fpmh	Threaded Fitting	1.30 fpmh	Quick Disconnect Fitting	2.40 fpmh
Flywheel	0.20 fpmh	Hinge	0.50 fpmh	Keys and Pins	0.35 fpmh	Pillow Block	5.00 fpmh
Rivet	0.08 fpmh	Setscrew	0.35 fpmh	Wire Rope	17.50 fpmh

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Handbook of Reliability Prediction Proceduers for Mechanical Equipment

May, 1992	March, 1994	January, 2006	January, 2010	May, 2011
3. 密封與墊片(Seals and Gaskets)	3. 密封與墊片(Seals and Gaskets)	3. 密封與墊片(Seals and Gaskets)	3. 密封與墊片(Seals and Gaskets)	3. 密封與墊片(Seals and Gaskets)
4. 彈簧(Springs)	4. 彈簧(Springs)	4. 彈簧(Springs)	4. 彈簧(Springs)	4. 彈簧(Springs)
5. 電磁閥(Solenoids)	5.  電磁閥(Solenoids)	5.  電磁閥與接觸器(Solenoids, Contactors)	5.  電磁閥與接觸器(Solenoids, Contactors)	5.  電磁閥與接觸器(Solenoids, Contactors)
6. 閥門總成(Valve Assemblies)	6. 閥門總成(Valve Assemblies)	6. 閥門總成(Valve Assemblies)	6. 閥門總成(Valve Assemblies)	6. 閥門總成(Valve Assemblies)
7. 軸承(Bearings)	7. 軸承(Bearings)	7. 軸承(Bearings)	7. 軸承(Bearings)	7. 軸承(Bearings)
8. 齒輪與花鍵(Gears and Splines)	8. 齒輪與花鍵(Gears and Splines)	8. 齒輪與花鍵(Gears and Splines)	8. 齒輪與花鍵(Gears and Splines)	8. 齒輪與花鍵(Gears and Splines)
9. 致動器(Actuators)	9. 致動器(Actuators)	9. 致動器(Actuators)	9. 致動器(Actuators)	9. 致動器(Actuators)
10. 泵或幫浦(Pumps)	10. 泵或幫浦(Pumps)	10. 泵或幫浦(Pumps)	10. 泵或幫浦(Pumps)	10. 泵或幫浦(Pumps)
11. 濾清器(Filters)	11. 濾清器(Filters)	11. 濾清器(Filters)	11. 濾清器(Filters)	11. 濾清器(Filters)
12. 剎車與離合器(Brakes and Clutches	12. 剎車與離合器(Brakes and Clutches)	12. 剎車與離合器(Brakes and Clutches)	12. 剎車與離合器(Brakes and Clutches)	12. 剎車與離合器(Brakes and Clutches)
13. 壓縮機(Compressors)	13. 壓縮機(Compressors)	13. 壓縮機(Compressors)	13. 壓縮機(Compressors)	13. 壓縮機(Compressors)
14. 電動馬達(Electric Motors)	14. 電動馬達(Electric Motors)	14. 電動馬達(Electric Motors)	14. 電動馬達(Electric Motors)	14. 電動馬達(Electric Motors)
15. 累積器、儲存器與壓力容器(Accumulators, Reservoirs, and Pressure Vessels)	15. 累積器、儲存器(Accumulators, Reservoirs)	15. 累積器、儲存器(Accumulators, Reservoirs)	15. 累積器、儲存器(Accumulators, Reservoirs)	15. 累積器、儲存器(Accumulators, Reservoirs)
16. 螺紋緊固件(Threaded Fasteners)	16. 螺紋緊固件(Threaded Fasteners)	16. 螺紋緊固件(Threaded Fasteners)	16. 螺紋緊固件(Threaded Fasteners)	16. 螺紋緊固件(Threaded Fasteners)
17. 機械聯接器(Mechanical Couplings)	17. 機械聯接器(Mechanical Couplings)	17. 機械聯接器(Mechanical Couplings)	17. 機械聯接器(Mechanical Couplings)	17. 機械聯接器(Mechanical Couplings)
18. 滑塊曲柄機構(Slider-Crank Mechanisms)	18. 滑塊曲柄機構(Slide-Crank Mechanisms)	18. 滑塊曲柄機構(Slide-Crank Mechanisms)	18. 滑塊曲柄機構(Slide-Crank Mechanisms)	18. 滑塊曲柄機構(Slide-Crank Mechanisms)
	19. 感知器與換能器(Sensors and Transducers)	19. 感知器與換能器(Sensors and Transducers)	19. 感知器與換能器(Sensors and Transducers)	19. 感知器與換能器(Sensors and Transducers)
		20. 軸(Shafts)	20. 軸(Shafts)	20. 軸(Shafts)
		21. 皮帶與鏈條驅動(Belts and Chain Drives)	21. 皮帶與鏈條驅動(Belts and Chain Drives)	21. 皮帶與鏈條驅動(Belts and Chain Drives)
		22. 流體傳導器(Fluid Conductors)	22. 流體傳導器(Fluid Conductors)	22. 流體傳導器(Fluid Conductors)
			23. 雜項零件(Miscellaneous Parts)	23. 雜項零件(Miscellaneous Parts)